GYMNOSPERM= (Gymno = naked + Sperma = seed) · Gymnosperms are naked seeded plants i.e. those in which the seeds are not enclosed within the fruit but borne by the open carpel called megasporophyll. · These are the intermediate group between the cryptogams and angiosperm. · Goebel referred to them as “ phanerogams without ovary” . So these all are seed plants without ovaries. · The term gymnosperm was coined by Theophrastus. · These are called naked seeded vascular plants . · This is the first group to show the formation of seeds. · Fruits are not formed due to lack of ovary. · These are also considered as t he link between pteridophytes and angiosperm because primitive gymnosperm possesses ciliated male gametes (which is a characteristic of pteridophyte) but they lack independent gametophytic generation (a characteristic of angiosperm). · Gymnosperms lack ovary. They were abundan...