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A. Introduction Biology (Gk: Bios = life, logos = knowledge) Biology is the study of life and living beings. Botany (Greek: Botane – herb or plant) deals with the study of plants and Zoology (Greek: Zoon – animal) deals with the study of animals. The term Biology was coined by Lamarck and Treviranus in 1802 AD. Aristotle is the father of Zoology/Biology/Science/Embryology. Theophrastus is the father of Botany. B. Branches of Biology Branches Study of Acarology: Ticks and mites Actinobiology/Aerobiology: Flying organisms Anatomy: Internal structure of plants and animals with naked eyes Angiology: Blood vessels (Arteries and Veins) Anthropology: Natural history of man Aphidology: Aphids Apiculture: Honey bees Araneology: Spider Arthrology: Joints Autecology: Ecology of an individual species and its population Auxanology: Mental status Bacteriology: Bacteria Batrecology: Frogs Biochemistry: Chemistry of living organisms Biometrics/Bios...

· The generic name Pheretima was first coined by Kinberg (1867 AD). · The generic name Pheretima has been revised to Metaphire by Sims and Easton (1972 AD). · Earthworm is usually studied as a type of Annelida because it is easily available, harmless to handle, size is convenient and has well-known natural history and morphology. Systematic position of Earthworm: Kingdom: Animalia  Phylum: Annelida   Class: Oligochaeta (L. Oligos, few + Chaete, bristles)    Family: Megascolecidae     Genus: Pheretima or Metaphire      Species: posthuma Habits The earthworm has the following habits. 1. Feeding · It is  detritivores (feed upon decaying organic matter ) as well as an omnivore (feed on bits of plants and animal matter) · It takes soil by the sucking action of the pharynx . The organic particles in the soil are utilized and the undigested matter along with the soil is passed out as small p...

Classification Kingdom: Protista  Phylum: Protozoa   Subphylum: Ciliophora    Class: Ciliata     Genus : Paramecium      Species: caudatum · The term Paramecium was coined by John Hill (1752 AD). · Body is slipper-like so-called slipper animalcule. A. Habitat · Found in freshwater where there are decaying vegetables and animal remains. · They are infusorians, a ciliated protozoan. B. Habit · Locomotion by cilia. · Holozoic nutrition · Respiration through the general body surface. · Excretion partly by general body surface and partly by contractile vacuoles, ammonotelic. · Osmoregulation is controlled by contractile vacuoles only. · Reproduction asexual as well as sexual, asexual reproduction by binary fission, sexual reproduction by conjugation. C. Structure · Shape somewhat like the sole of a slipper so-called slipper animalcule. · Streamlin...