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INTRODUCTION ·  Human body is exposed, at all times, to a variety of disease-causing organisms - pathogens. Pathogenic organisms are- bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. ·  Pathogenic organisms enter the body through the air we breathe, the fluids we drink, through body contact and ingested food items. Many of these organisms, if they manage to reach the deeper tissues, can produce diseases. ·  Body possesses several mechanisms that combat these pathogens all the time and enable us to lead a normal life. ·  Infectious diseases are the result of the absence or breakdown of these defence mechanisms. ·  The defence mechanisms of the body provide us with resistance against the invading pathogenic organism. ·  The ability of the body to withstand the harmful effects of pathogens is termed immunity and the defence mechanisms together constitute the immune system. ·  The immune system is a collection of organs, cells and molecules whose complex interactio...

·   A disease is a physical, mental and physiological disorder of the body. ·  Diseases that have a significant impact on society are called socially significant diseases. For example, drug abuse, smoking, alcoholism. ·   Generally, most diseases have social impacts in one or another way. ·   But in the case of socially significant diseases, society has to pay a significant cost. These diseases not only ruin the health of an individual but also have adverse effects on the family and society. ·   The impact on the family and society are altered relatively and the chance of crime or accident increases. ·   Surveys and statistics have shown that the use of drugs, alcohol and tobacco is rising especially among the youths. ·   World Health Day: 7th April ·   World Mental Health Day: 10th October Drug Abuse ·  Drugs are organic or inorganic substances that alter the physiological state of an individual. They are used in medicine for the treatm...

·  Hepatitis is a communicable viral disease characterized by infection and inflammation of the liver. ·  It is caused by viruses, toxic substances (drugs) and circulatory disturbances. ·  There are many well-known heterogenous hepatitis viruses that cause viral hepatitis. ·  In addition to type A and B viral hepatitis, type C, D, E, and G have also been reported as communicable viral diseases. ·  The types are distinguished serologically i.e. by the antibodies produced to combat the infections. Hepatitis ‘A’ (Infectious Hepatitis) ·  It is endemic in developing countries. ·  It is usually not fatal but in rare cases, its fatal rate is 0.1%. ·  It is benign. Causative agent:  Hepatitis ’A’ virus: ·  It is a small unenveloped symmetrical RNA virus that measures approximately 27 nm. ·  Due to its very small size, the virus can easily transfer through the normal water filtration system. ·  The virus invades liver cells and is ex...