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1. Adhatoda vasica (Asuro) 1. Family:  Acanthaceae. 2. Parts used:  Leaves and roots. 3. Therapeutic use:  Cough, Chronic bronchitis and Asthma. Note: Root is used as an expectorant (remove cough),  anti-spasmodic and anti-septic. 2. Aloe vera (Gheukumari) 1. Family:  Liliaceae 2. Parts used:  Fleshy leaves. 3. Therapeutic use: Used in liver spleen defects, amenorrhoea, skin disease and toxaemia. 3. Atropa belladonna (Deadly nightshade): 1. Family:  Solanaceae. 2. Parts used:  Roots and leaves. 3. Therapeutic use:  used as sedative, stimulant, tonic and antispasmodic. Used externally to relieve the pain and internally to check excessive sweat. - Atropine obtained from leaves is used in eye examination and treatment. 4. Azadirachta indica (Neem): 1. Family:  Meliaceae 2. Parts used:  All 3. Therapeutic use:   used in malaria fever, blood circulatory defects. Externally used in itching, leprosy and allergies, boils and wou...

· The Graminae family is also known as the  Grass family. · There are about 530 genera and 5200 species. · They are widely distributed. Some economically important members of the Poaceae family are: ·  Triticum aestivum , WHEAT - Important cereal crop ·  Oryza sativa , RICE - Important cereal crop ·  Zea mays , Maize - Important cereal crop ·  Cynodon dactylon , DUBO - important religious and medicinal plant ·  Saccharum officinarum , SUGARCANE - Important for sugar ·  Bambusa arundinacea . BAMBOO - Important medicinal and wood plant 1. Habit/habitat:   Annual herbs or sometimes perennial shrubs, mesophytic, wild or cultivated. 2. Root:  Fibrous root and branched or adventitious 3. Stem:   Erect or prostrate, runner, aerial, herbaceous or woody, fistular or solid, cylindrical, glabrous or hairy, branched or unbranched. 4. Leaf:  Exstipulate, sessile, simple, alternate, leaf is divided into two parts. · The lower part is a thick...

· Second largest family of Dicot and 3rd largest in Angiosperm. ·  Pulvinus  (swallowing structure) or  Swollen leaf base  is common. · Divided into 3 subfamilies. Papilionaceae Caesalpinioideae Mimosaceae 1. Subfamily: Papilionaceae · Nodulated roots are common. · Inflorescence – Raceme · Flower – Zygomorphic (Papilionaceous) · Calyx – Sepal (2 + 3), Gamosepalous, Ascending imbricate. · Corolla – Polypetalous (1 + 2 + (2)), Descending imbricate (vaxillary) · Androecium – Stamen 10, Di-adelphous {(9) + 1} · Placentation – Marginal · Fruit – Legumes or Pod. · Floral Formula:  Ebr. %  ⚥  K 2+3  C 1+2+(2)  A (9)+1   G 1 Common Plants of the Papilionaceae family are: · Pisum sativum (Pea) · Vicia faba – Broad bean · Glycine max – Soybean · Arachis hypogea – Groundnut · Lens esculentus – Lentil · Butea monosperma – Flame of the forest · Cajanus cajan – Pigeon pea · Phaseolus aureus – Green gram · Phaseolus mungo – Black gram · Cicer...

· The Compositae family is also known as the sunflower family. · This is the largest family of angiosperm. · There are about 1000 genera and 2300 species. · They are cosmopolitan in distribution. Some economically important members of the Compositae family are: · Helianthus annuus , SUNFLOWER - Important for oil · Chrysanthemum indicum , CHRYSANTHEMUM - Important ornamental flower · Tagetes erecta , HAJARI PHOOL, Marigold - Important ornamental flower · Artemesia indica , TITEPATI - Important medicine for skin disease and anti-helminthic · Ageratum conyzoides , GANDHE - important medicine for cut and wound · Carthamus tinctorius , KUSUM - important medicine 1. Habit/Habitat: · Mostly they are annual herbs or perennial shrubs, some are climbers, wild or cultivated, ornamental, few are trees ( Veronica arborea ), hydrophytic, mesophytic or xerophytic. 2. Root:   Taproot, branched or adventitious 3. Stem:   Erect or prostrate, few are climbing, herbaceous or woody, solid or fist...

· Often called  Cotton family or Mallow family. 1. Leaf  – Multicosted, reticulate, divergent or palmate venation. 2. Inflorescence  – solitary an axillary or solitary terminal. 3. Epicalyx   (a whorl of bracteoles) is present. ·  Epicalyx is absent in Genus Albutin and sida. 4. Flower   – pentamerous, hypogynous complete bracteolate in the form of epicalyx. 5. Calyx   – sepals – 5, gamosepalous 6. Corolla  – petal – 5, polypetalous, aestivation twisted, campanulate, epipetalous. 7. Androecium  – stamens indefinite (more than 10),  Monothecous (anther) Single lobed)  and bisporangiate, anther – reniform (kidney-shaped) 8. Gynoecium   – Multicarpellary, syncarpous &  Axile  placentation. Note: Axile Placentation is found in Solanaceae, Malvaceae & Liliaceae. 9. Fruit   – Capsule or Schizocarpic Common plants of the Malvaceae Family are: · Gossypium arboretum – Cotton · Abelmoschus esculentus – Lad...

· This family is also called as potato family. · There are about 90 genera and 2200 species. · This family is distributed in tropical to temperate regions worldwide. · Some are cultivated and others are wild. Some Economically Important Members of Solanaceae are: · Solanum tuberosum (Potato), an important vegetable · S. melongena (Brinjal), an important vegetable · S. nigrum (Black nightshade), an important medicinal plant of Jaundice and fever · Lycopersicum esculentum (Tomato), an important vegetable · Capsicum annum (Chilly), important spices · Nicotiana tabacum (Tobacco), important for tobacco, and alkaloid · Datura stramonium (Dhaturo), important medicinal plant and sedative 1. Habit/Habitat: · Annual rarely perennial, herbs, rarely shrubs and soft trees ( S. gigantium ), some are climbers ( S. dulcamera ), mesophytic. 2. Root: · Taproot, branched, sometimes adventitious 3. Stem: · Erect, rarely prostrate or climbers, branched, herbaceous or woody, solid or fistular, cy...

· The Cruciferae is also known as the  mustard family. · This family includes 375 genera and 3200 species. · The plants are found abundantly in the northern hemisphere and distributed worldwide. · This family includes vegetables, flowers and wild varieties. 1. Habit habitat: · Annual or biennial or sometimes perennial, herbs, rarely shrubs, wild or cultivated, terrestrial, mesophytic. 2. Root: · Taproot and branched or modified ( fusiform e.g.  Raphanus sativus ,  Napiform  e.g.  B. rapa ), sometimes adventitious e.g. Rorippa. 3. Stem: · Erect, herbaceous, branched, cylindrical, solid, hairy or glabrous, green, sometimes stem is condensed or thickened ( B. oleraces, R. sativs ) 4. Leaf: · Exstipulate, petiolate or sessile, alternate, rarely opposite, simple, cauline and Ramal or radical, lyrate, lobed or entire, acute, glabrous, unicostate, reticulate venation. 5. Inflorescence: · Racemose, Receme or Corymb 6. Flower: · Ebracteate, ebracteolate, pedicella...

LILIACEAE Family · Leaf – sheathing leaf base with parallel venation. · Inflorescence – Raceme except for onion which is umbellate cyme. · Flower – Trimerous, actinomorphic or zygomorphic · Perianth – tepals 3 + 3, polypetalous, aestivation – valvate. · Stamen   –   3 + 3, epiphyllous. · Carpel – 3, Axile placentation, tricapellary, · Ovary   –  S uperior and trilocular · Fruit – Berry Common plants of the Liliaceae Family are: · Aloe vera · Colchicum · Allium cepa (Onion) · Yucca gloriasea · Dracaena · Smilax aspera · Asparagus racemosus (Asparagus) · Gloriosa superba (Gloriosa lily) LABIATAE OR LAMIACEAE Family · Inflorescence – verticillasters · Stamen   –  D idynamous ·  E.g. Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) - whole plants can be used for medicinal purposes. High Yielding Points from TAXONOMY 1. Shapes of corolla: a. Cr...