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Taenia solium (The pork tapeworm) · It is highly elongated, tape or ribbon-like, digenetic endoparasite . · Adult lives in the intestinal mucosa of the small intestine of man (primary or definitive or final host). · Larva lives in the tissues of the pig, sometimes dog and sheep (secondary or intermediate host). Both hosts are vertebrates. Both hosts are not vertebrates in the case of flukes, remember it. · Acoelomate · Body is dorso-ventrally flattened and is divisible into three distinct parts i.e. an anterior scolex , a short unsegmented neck, and a long segmented proglottid or strobila. It is usually opaque white in colour. · Scolex is the knob-like or roughly quadrangular structure at the anterior end of the body. The life cycle of Tapeworm A. Hexacanth       B. Bladderworm       C. Cysticercus  D. Adult Tapeworm       E. and F. Gravid proglottid ...

Fasciola hepatica (Sheep liver fluke) · Digenetic endoparasite, cosmopolitan in distribution. · Adult Fasciola lives in the liver and bile passages of the sheep (the primary host) .  It may also occur in other vertebrates like goats, horses, monkeys, man, etc. Larval stages are found in an invertebrate host, a freshwater gastropod, commonly Snail. (either Limnea truncatula or Planorbis spp. or Bulinus spp.) · A single sheep may contain about 200 adult flukes in its body as a result of which its liver may cease to work.  This condition is known as liver rot (complete breakdown of the liver) or cirrhosis [IOM 2006] . In case of heavy infection, sheep become dull and sluggish followed by swelling and pain in the abdomen, weight is lost, eye-sockets become pale and lives enlarges and sheep die. External morphology · Body is leaf-like, dorsoventrally flattened , soft, oval, and long. · Colour is usually pinkish but appears brownish due to ingested bile of the host. · Anterior e...

(Gr., Platys- flat + helminth- worm) Aristotle mentioned tapeworms.  Gegenbaur (1859AD) placed flatworms in a separate group and gave the term Platyhelminthes .  Phylum Platyhelminthes includes about 13,000 species. Examples of Phylum Platyhelminthes are very very important for Medical and Applied Science Entrance Exams of Nepal. So memorize the below noted VVI Examples. Dugesia (Planaria) Fasciola hepatica (Liver fluke) Schistosoma (Blood fluke) Paragonimus westermani (Lung fluke) Polystoma (Bladder Fluke) Taenia solium (Pork tapeworm) Taenia saginata (Beef tapeworm) Echinococcus granulosus (dog tapeworm) Diphylobothrium latum (Fish tapeworm) Hymenolepsis nana (Dwarf tapeworm) General characters of Phylum Platyhelminthes 1. Mostly parasites (ecto or endoparasites), few free-living (Planaria), and rarely commensals. 2. First animals having a tissue-organ grade of body organization i.e., cells aggregate to form tissues and tissues made organs and definite ...